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BoutiqueHealth recommends 100% natural Immune Boosta.

→ 2008 / 2009 Immune Boosta → Available Now . .

Immune Boosta is high strength holistic antibacterial↓, antiviral↓, antioxidant↓, antiparasitic↓,
liquid olive leaf for immune system distress, rehabilitation and prevention

"AT LAST! Olive Leaf with HIGH STRENGTH OLEUROPEIN"

FLU GONE IN FIVE DAYS OR YOUR MONEY BACK

AND you could be back on your feet much sooner - with Immune Boosta »

DISCOVER HOW YOU MAY SAFELY ASSIST AN IMMUNE SYSTEM IN DISTRESS AND RAPIDLY IMPROVE AND MAINTAIN YOUR DAILY WELLBEING

Liquid olive leaf extract and high strength Oleuropein could save you

Resuscitate a weakened immune system response.

Guard from further distress.

The olive tree produces a naturally occurring compound that makes it particularly robust and resistant against insect and bacterial damage.

Olive leaf is the very first botannical ever mentioned in the Bible ↓. Ancient Egyptians believed olive leaf to be a symbol of heavenly power, extracted the oil and mummified their kings. Later cultures found olive leaf to be more useful among the living. For thousands of years the healthy benefits of olive oil have been known, yet revealing the therapeutic properties of olive leaf is a more recent science breakthrough. And while during the previous one hundred and fifty years healing use of olive leaf has been more widely documented, the olive leaf extract is notably reported to hasten distressed immune system recovery ↓↓. From remedying minor personal ailments to relieving major whole-of-body-issues, research and clinical experiences to date demonstrate how olive leaf extract is able to deliver potent natural rehabilitation and prevention.

Immune Boosta contains olive leaf extract 99% and high strength oleuropein, with added fractionated bud sap ½% and stevia ½% for taste, and is available in 200ml and 500ml bottles. In the body, oleuropein may inactivate pharmaceutical antibiotics.

Immune Boosta is able to be served to adults and to children.
Teaspoon dosage guidance is printed on the bottle label.
Immune Boosta is non-toxic.

100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEE

SAFE IMMUNE SYSTEM ASSISTANCE IN 5 DAYS
OR YOUR MONEY BACK
NO QUESTIONS ASKED

IF YOU ARE NOT COMPLETELY SATISFIED THAT YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM IS SAFELY ASSISTED FROM DISTRESS AND THAT YOUR DAILY WELL-BEING IS SATISFACTORILY IMPROVED THEN YOU MAY SEND BACK THE UNUSED IMMUNE BOOSTA AND BOTTLE(S) AND WE WILL GIVE YOU YOUR MONEY BACK. NO QUESTIONS ASKED. REFUND IS LESS ORIGINAL DELIVERY TO YOU.

Omnipotent↓Oleuropein

Oh-lee-or-oh-pin or oh-lee-u-ro-peen is the unique plant nutrient, or phytonutrient, clinically isolated from the leaf of the olive tree, Olea europaea, and named Oleuropein by scientists.

Anti-bacterial ↓
In the early 1960's, research determined the active ingredient in Oleuropein to be elenolic acid, which was found to have a powerful anti-bacterial effect. More recently, Oleuropein has been found, in a series of experiments, to inactivate bacteria by apparently dissolving the outer lining of microbes.

Anti-viral ↓
By the late 1960's research showed that elenolic acid also inhibited the growth of viruses, stopping every virus that it was tested against. Elenolic acid was found to counteract a variety of viruses associated with the common cold. Research suggests that Oleuropein may be a "true anti-viral" compound because it appears to selectively block an entire virus-specific system in the infected host. Appearing to offer healing effects not addressed by pharmaceutical antibiotics.

Anti-oxidant ↓
Oleuropein protects the body from oxidation damage caused by harmful molecular fragments known as free radicals that contribute to ageing and illness.

Broad killing power
An ability to interfere with critical amino acid production essential for viruses. An ability to contain viral infection and/or spread by inactivating viruses or by preventing virus shedding, budding or assembly at the cell membrane. The ability to directly penetrate infected cells and stop viral replication. In the case of retroviruses, it is able to neutralize the production of reverse transcriptase and protease. These enzymes are essential for a retrovirus, such as HIV, to alter the RNA of a healthy cell. It can stimulate phagocytosis, an immume system response in which cells ingest harmful microorganisms and foreign matter.

Olive leaf extra
A Clinical Investigation by the Robert Lyons Clinic of Budapest, Hungary - [Robert Lyons, O.M.D., M.S., chief investigator.] tested 500 patients using olive leaf extract against Pathological organisms - Viruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in connection with respiratory diseases, lung conditions, dental problems, skin conditions, bacterial skin infections, ulcer disease and strengthening of the immune system. The results were nothing less than astounding. The rate of improvement and recovery from all bacterial and viral infections was approximately 98%. In addition for all patients involved in this clinical study, the body's immune system was strengthened, and including children and adolescents among the tested patients, none experienced any adverse side effects. At Spain's University of Granada, pharmacologists determined that olive leaf extract causes relaxation of arterial walls in laboratory animals. Such results suggest a possible benefit for hypertension, an effect first mentioned by researchers more than 30 years ago.

Immune Boosta is available in → 200ml bottle(s) → 500ml bottle(s) → 200ml and 500ml bottle combinations

↓ "And the dove came in to him in the evening, and lo, in her mouth was an olive leaf plucked off. So Noah knew that the waters were abated from off the earth." (Genesis 8 : 11)

↓↓ The first formal medical mention of the olive leaf - an account describing its ability to cure severe cases of fever and malaria -- occurred about 150 years ago. In 1854, the Pharmaceutical Journal carried a report by one Daniel Hanbury and contained the following simple healing recipe → Boil a handful of leaves in a quart of water down to half its original volume. Then administer the liquid in the amount of a wineglass every 3 or 4 hours until the fever is cured. The author said he discovered the effective tincture in 1843 and had used it successfully. This method became well known in England for treating sick Britons returning from His or Her Majesty's tropical colonies. The author believed that a bitter substance in the leaves was the key healing ingredient. He was right. Decades later, scientists isolated a bitter substance from the leaf and named it Oleuropein.

"All medical doctors had to study botany 300 years ago, as they had to know which herbal remedies to prescribe."

Olive leaf extra continued . . .

Biochemist Arnold Takemoto told medical researcher Morton Walker, D.P.M. that he has "yet to discover another herbal substance that accomplishes antimicrobially what this substance achieves." Takemoto went on to say that Lisa Weinrib, M.D., one of the physicians he works with, treats many cases of fibro myalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome with olive leaf extract; patients with these problems exhibit much improvement from use of the extract, according to TakemotBiochemist Arnold Takemoto told medical researcher Morton Walker, D.P.M. that he has "yet to discover another herbal substance that accomplishes antimicrobially what this substance achieves." Takemoto went on to say that Lisa Weinrib, M.D., one of the physicians he works with, treats many cases of fibro myalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome with olive leaf extract; patients with these problems exhibit much improvement from use of the extract, according to Takemoto.

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According to the documented research and statements by Dr. Privitera, M.D. who has used and studied the effects of olive leaf extract on patients over many years, the benefits are by no means limited to →

→ the generalized degradation of pathological microorganisms of all types - viruses, retroviruses, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, molds, protozoa, helminths, and other parasites.
→ the relief of arthritic inflammations, especially osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
→ the reduction of insulin dosages for better control over the risks of symptomatic diabetes
→ the elimination of chronic fatigue and the symptoms associated with its syndrome
→ the creation or restoration of abundant energy with prolonged stamina
→ the normalization of heart beat irregularities (arrhythmias)
→ the improvement of blood flow in cardiovascular and/or peripheral vascular disorders
→ the lessening of pain from haemorrhoids
→ the attenuation of toothaches
→ the antioxidant quenching of free radical pathology
→ the obliteration of fungal infections such as mycotic nails, athlete's foot, and jock itch
→ the permanent relief of malaria (from a protozoa), dengue fever (from a virus), and other exotic and deadly tropical diseases, which produce fever as a primary symptom
→ the prevention and effective treatment of all types of viral diseases, including the Epstein-Barr virus, the herpes viruses, the retroviruses, the influenza viruses, viruses of the common cold, and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
→ the reversal of almost all symptomatology connected with Candida albicans and other organisms causing the yeast syndrome
→ the death and excretion of a variety of parasites, including microscopic protozoa and macroscopic helminth worms.

[ Dr. Privitera, M.D. earned his medical degree at Creighton University, and completed an Internship in Internal Medicine at Providence Hospital in Seattle, Washington and his residency at Presbyterian Hospital in San Francisco, CA. Following a Clinical Fellowship in allergy, immunology and rheumatology at Scripps Clinic in La Jolla, he entered private practice in allergy and nutrition in Covina, California where he practices today. Affiliated with the American Preventive Medical Association and the International College of Applied Nutrition, among others, Dr. Privitera has served on the boards of several top health organizations including the National Health Federation. ]

Comments by patients and practitioners are quoted from Dr. Privitera's statements → Patients have reported improved psoriasis, normalization of arrhythmias (heart beat irregularities), and less pain from haemorrhoids, toothaches and chronically achy joints. A woman with bad allergies reported significant improvement and a level of energy she hadn't felt for years. One of the most frequent comments by patients after they start taking olive leaf extract is that they feel more energetic and have a greater sense of well-being. Many want to continue the supplement even after the treatment program has cleared up or reduced specific problems. Healthy people who take it say they also feel this infusion of energy. Olive leaf extract also has helped in many chronic fatigue cases, even the most serious. One female patient described what she called a "really quite unbelievable" recovery within one month of taking the supplement.

The olive is praised throughout the Christian Bible from Noah’s Ark onwards. Some even refer to the Olea europaea as the "Tree of Life" spoken of in the last book of the Bible - Revelation 22:2. ". . . and the leaves of the tree shall be for the healing of the nations."

The olive tree was highly regarded in ancient times . . Moses exempted from military service men who would work at its cultivation . . Scriptural and classical writings mention the oil as a symbol of goodness and purity . . the tree as representing peace and happiness . . the oil burned in the sacred lamps of temples . . the victorious in the Olympic games were crowned with olive leaves . . olive oil for lubrication . . axle grease in roman times . . machine oil in the industrial revolution. Hippocrates (father of modern medicine) prescribed olive oil for healing ulcers, cholera, and muscular pains . . 2500 years ago.

Such was the veneration for this tree that an old Jewish law forbids the destruction of any productive olive tree, even if owned by an enemy. In the Book of Judges, of the Ancient Testament, a legend is told that confirms this tree as supreme among all the tree species and speaks of the special wisdom held by the users of its fruit.

Olive trees were exceptional witnesses to the sufferings of Jesus Christ in the Orchard of Gethsemani,
Orchard of Gethsemane

the Mount of Olives. The Koran mentions it reverently more than two hundred times. Finally, Picasso, the painter from Málaga, of universal fame, selected as symbol of peace a dove carrying a branch of olive tree in its beak.

Mapping the olive expansion

The origin of the olive tree is lost in time . . featuring along with the expansion of the Mediterranean civilisations . . which for centuries governed the destiny of mankind . . forever leaving their impression on Western culture. In Greek mythology, godess Athena first planted one out among the rocky grounds of the Acropolis endowed with powers to illuminate the darkness, provide nourishment and soothe wounds. The existence of the olive tree dates back to the twelfth millennium BC. In 16th century BC the Phoenicians began distributing the olive throughout the Greek isles. Introduced to the Greek mainland between the 14th and 12th centuries BC where cultivation increased and eventually gained great importance in the 4th century BC when Solon issued decrees regulating olive planting. The Romans further expanded distribution of the olive tree to the countries bordering the Mediterranean as a peaceful weapon in their conquests to settle the people. The Arabs brought their varieties with them to the south of Spain and influenced the spread of cultivation so much that the Spanish words for olive (aceituna), oil (aceite), and wild olive tree (acebuche) and the Portuguese words for olive (azeitona) and for olive oil (azeite), have Arabic roots. Olive farming spread beyond its Mediterranean territories with the discovery of America (1492). The first olive trees were carried from Seville to the West Indies and later to the American continent. Small olive tree

By 1560 olive groves were being cultivated in Mexico, then later in Peru, California, Chile and Argentina, where one of the plants brought over during the Conquest - the old Arauco olive tree - lives on today. The olive tree has continued to spread outside the Mediterranean and today is farmed in places as far removed from its origins as southern Africa, Australia, Japan and China. Olea europaea is a small, ever green tree, averaging 20 feet, sometimes more, tall. Populated by many thin branches with opposite branchlets and shortly-stalked, opposite, lanceolate leaves about 2 1/4 inches long, acute, entire and smooth, pale green above and silvery below. Bark is pale grey and the flowers abundant, small and creamywhite in colour. The olive tree grows gradually and over many years the trunk can achieve a wide diameter. The yellow or light greenish-brown wood is often finely veined with a darker tint (being very hard and close-grained) and valued by woodworkers. The beautifully-veined, faintly fragrant, wood takes a fine polish and is greatly valued for small cabinet-work. Once carved into statues of gods. In warm climates the bark exudes a substance called Gomme d'Olivier, formerly used in medicine as a vulnerary. The trees bear fruit in the second year and in the sixth will repay cultivation, continuing as a source of income even when old and hollow. Large olive tree

Crop varies greatly from year to year. One big advantage of olive cultivation in Australia is relative freedom from pestilence and disease. 'Barnea' is a modern cultivar bred in Israel to be disease resistant and to produce a generous crop. It is used both for oil and for table olives. The oil has a strong flavour with a hint of green leaf. Barnea is widely grown in Israel and in the southern hemisphere, particularly in Australia and New Zealand. The olive tree belongs to a family that include the ash, jasmine and lilac.

Koeh

Olive leaf ethanol extracts were in use as early as 1827 for the treatment of malaria, medical reports beginning 1855 have described the benefits of drinking a bitter tea brewed with leaves from the olive tree . From 1906, olive leaf extract was described as superior to quinine for malarial infection (Malaria is caused by parasitic protozoans injected into the body by infected mosquitoes), but quinine was preferred as easier to administer and with the advent of antibiotics, interest and use waned. In more recent decades, researchers began investigating the ability of olive leaf extracts to inhibit bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as their use in hypertension and arrhythmia.

Olive leaf has a wide number of active constituents including secoiridoids (including Oleuropein and Oleuroside); elenolic acid; phenolic glycosides (including caffeic acid) and several types of flavonoids (hesperidin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin).

Out of 98 known chemical constituents, the plant nutrient responsible for the greatest range of therapeutic activity is Oleuropein (an iridoid), a phytonutrient (or phytochemical) found throughout the olive tree, drupe or fruit and in olive oils. Oleuropein (the main active chemical constituent in the olive leaf) was first isolated from olive leaves around 1910.

Olive tree leaf

Plants produce phytonutrients to protect themselves from viruses, bacteria ,fungi, insects, drought and even the sun. Phytonutrients add colour, aroma, and flavour to plant foods. Phytonutrients have many and various beneficial and synergistic functions in the human body.

Oleuropein contains a chemical agent called elenolic acid. When Oleuropein is taken orally, two natural enzymes in the body esterase and beta-glucosidase convert the Oleuropein to elenolic acid and since the process of converting Oleuropein to elenolic acid is a natural process that occurs in the body, the process cannot be patented. In human blood two enzymes, esterase and beta-glucosidase convert Oleuropein into d-elenolic acid. This (d-) isomer of elenolic acid is the only form that does not bind to blood serum plasma proteins (which would render it ineffective), allowing it to be fully used in the body as a natural virucide. When synthesized outside of the body, its physiological effectiveness is nullified. In the late 1970s, Upjohn Laboratories "proved" that point: After fabricating synthetic l-elenolic acid, produced in vitro (outside of the body using chemical reagents), they found that the l-form would bind to blood serum proteins, rendering it ineffective systemically as an anti-pathogenic agent.

Only after natural, concentrated Oleuropein is made available to the body can natural d-elenolic acid be produced and released into the bloodstream to work efficiently and effectively. Elenolic acid derived from this source is scientifically shown to support the body's immune system.

§ THE HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF DIFFERING 'LAYERS' OF DEFENCE

NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY → White blood cells are assisted by a set of proteins known as the 'complement system' (the complement system is a group of some 20 proteins manufactured in the liver helping to destroy micro-organisms) plus cytokines (or messengers) protect you on a daily basis by identifying and destroying viruses and bacteria. The non-specific or innate defences are the front-line protection against micro-organisms and their action is not affected by prior contact with the foreign substance.
SPECIFIC IMMUNITY → Your immune system 'remembers' the specific attacking virus or bacteria and produces required antibodies to deal with the invasion.

The human immune system is composed of a complex assortment of physical barriers (skin, mucus membranes and associated secretions), lymphatic vessels and organs, immune cells capable of recognising and eliminating foreign invaders, and chemical mediators integral to the immune response. The immune system has the function of protecting against the onslaught of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites that continually attack the body. These pathogens (disease causing organisms) may be airborne, living in food and soil, and lurking for long periods on everyday objects in use such as money and doorhandles. Some even live naturally in and on the body and are checked by a healthy immune system. If immune defences are weakened or pathogens overwhelm normal resistance, mild or serious states of illness are able to eventuate. A well maintained immune system is vital to everyday wellbeing and wellness. Immune system damaging environment and behaviour (lack of sleep, pollutions, alcohols and narcotics and drugs) is discouraged. Immune system function support is encouraged by consuming additional herbal or nutritional supplements to boost one's existing immune defence diet.

Similar to the polyphenolic component of red wine, resveratrol, Oleuropein imparts some important antioxidant benefits that may help prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol and support healthy heart function. The oxidation of LDL cholesterol the so-called "bad" cholesterol can severely damage the walls of arteries. Resveratroland Oleuropein are high on the list of beneficial compounds featuring in the acclaimed Mediterranean diet (includes olive oil), believed to be responsible for reduced incidence of heart disease in those who regularly partake of the diet.

". . . The lowest rates of death from coronary heart disease are currently recorded in the countries where olive oil is virtually the only fat consumed." Professor Francisco Grande Covián

Heart disease and stroke is still the #1 killer in New Zealand, regardless of modern medicine advancement. High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common complaint. Oleuropein has been shown to act as vasiodilator of blood vessels. Oleuorpein and other compounds in the olive leaf extract are attributed to decreased arterial blood pressure, decreased cardiac contractility and anti-arrhythmic effects.

The progression of arteriosclerosis depends on many factors: the most important ones are high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and cigarette smoking. Arteriosclerosis is the condition in which cholesterol-rich patches (known as atheromas) deposit on the walls of the arteries this stops blood from reaching tissues and obstructs functioning of vital organs such as theheart and brain. Arteriosclerosis causes angina and heart attack and it increases the risk of sudden cardiac death. When the brain is attacked, cerebral thrombosis occurs, leading to muscular paralysis, loss of cognitive capacity and the risk of dementia. The aorta and leg arteries may also be damaged, causing pain and difficulty in walking and the risk of necrosis and gangrene. When a fatty patch bursts, for instance because of a rise in blood pressure, the small arteries in the patch also burst triggering a response where certain cells found in blood, known as platelets or thrombocytes, join together to form a thrombus or blood clot. The blood clot travels through the arteries but when it is larger than the vessel it causes blockage. Because blood cannot get through, the tissue or organ dies.

Diabetes complications include retinopathy, atherosclerosis and nephropathy. Olive leaves have long been regarded as an anti-diabetic agent. Oleuropein content is demonstrated as responsible for lowering blood sugar activity. Diabetics who are non-insulin or insulin dependent may want to closely monitor their blood glucose levels when taking Olive leaf extract.

OLIVE LEAF EXRTACT MAY BE USEFUL FOR THE FOLLOWING SELECTION OF AILMENTS →
Acquired Immune Deficiency (Oleuropein inhibits the production of reverse transcriptease and protease, enzymes necessary for certain viruses - HIV - to harm healthy cells)
Amoeba poisoning
Anthrax Arrhythmia (severe and mild)
Athletes Foot
Bacteremia or Blood poisoning
Bacterial infection (including sinus and bladder infections and oral infections associated with tooth or gum disease)
Bladder Infections
Botulism
Candida
Chicken Pox
Chlamydia
Cholera
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Colds (common cold)
Cold sores
Conjunctivitis
Croup
Dengue (Fever) → Mosquito-borne and caused by a virus
Dental infection
Diarrheal diseases (severe diarrhea)
E. Coli
Ear infection
Encephalitis
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Fibromyalgia (debilitating Chronic Fatigue Syndrome)
Flu (Influenza)
Food poisoning
Fungus infection
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A & B
Human Herpes virus 6 and 7 Herpes I and II (cold sores, genital herpes)
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Hypoglycemia
Impetigo
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Lyme's disease
Malaria → A full-fledged case of malaria at a clinic in Mexico was totally cured with a regular dosage of olive leaf extract supplement every six hours. A clinic report said that the 34-year-old female patient made a steady recovery and after six months, "She was without any of the malaria symptoms, not even anemia or shivers. Her breath is good. Her state of mind excellent and she does not show any signs of chronic or contagious disease."
Measles
Meningitis
Mono Mumps
Mycoplasma
Pinworms
Pneumonia
Psoriasis
Rabies
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatoid arthritis
Roundworms
Roseola
SARS
Salmonella
Sexual disorders
Skin conditions
Smallpox
Staph infections
Strep throat
Surgical infections
Thrush
Tropical illness
Tuberculosis
Ulcer
Ulcerative Colitis
Urinary (tract) infections
Vaginitis
Yeast infection

The World Health Organisation (WHO) issued a report in 1978 looking to the future (2000) and foresaw that sources other than western technological medicine would be required for more people to have sufficient health. Subsequently adopting the report recommending application of traditional forms of healing and medicine, like herbs, to meet demands of an exploding world population. Preventive medicine is the better way to maintaining optimum health – without putting artificial and potentially risky substances into our bodies. By keeping our immune system in tip-top condition with natural immune supportive compounds, our body is better equipped to combat invading bugs, and minimise the negative effects of the daily barrage of microbes our immune system keeps in check every day. Naturally derived supplements and herbal formulas are gentle, safe and rarely have negative side-effects. Some individuals may experience symptoms of detoxification. Toxins released into the bloodstream through using olive leaf extract are natural and may include extreme fatigue, diarrhea, headaches, muscles, and joint aches, skin rash or sensitivity, irritability, nervousness, fatigue and mental dullness, casually described as the 'die-off' effect. If experiencing any symptoms , proceed slowly by reducing dosage intially and then increasing dosage again when symptoms subside. Symptoms vary from person to person and relate to pre-condition of the subject but are recognised as a positive 'Herxheimer' reaction.

SELECTED SOURCES, ASSORTED REFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS →

PDR for Herbal Medicines, 2nd edition. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company; 2000:557.

Giugliano D. Dietary antioxidants for cardiovascular prevention. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. Feb2000;10(1):38-44. [abstract : The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with life in aerobic conditions. ROS are thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases since they are capable of damaging biological macromolecules such as DNA, carbohydrates and proteins. The organism maintains defense against ROS, including enzymes and low molecular-weight antioxidants. An important source of antioxidants is diet which contains numerous compounds exhibiting antioxidant activity. A shortage of antioxidants in the diet might promote coronary heart disease through accumulation of oxidized LDL in macrophages. However, antioxidants may also influence endothelial functions, smooth muscle cell proliferation, thrombosis and plaque rupture. Consumption of fruits and vegetables, olive oil, red wine and tea is inversely correlated with heart disease rates. These foods are particularly rich in natural antioxidant nutrients, including ascorbate (vitamin C), the tocopherols (vitamin E) and carotenoids. More than 600 naturally occurring carotenoids have been identified. These compounds are plant pigments that provide the bright color of various fruits and vegetables; lycopene, which gives tomatoes their red color, is under active research. Flavonoids are > 4,000 naturally occurring substances which provide color, texture and taste for plant foods. As free radical scavengers, flavonoids inhibit lipid peroxidation, promote vascular relaxation and help prevent atherosclerosis. A sufficient supply with antioxidants from diet might help prevent or delay the occurrence of pathological changes associated with oxidative stress. When diet fails to meet the antioxidant requirement, dietary supplements might be indicated. The recently coined term nutriceuticals describes a variety of nonprescription products that are used to enhance health. The best known are vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, coenzyme Q10, flavonoids and the amino acid L-arginine. Rigorous clinical trials, particularly among high-risk groups, are needed before they can be recommended routinely to patients.]

Bennani-Kabchi N, et al. Effects of Olea europea var. oleaster leaves in hypercholesterolemic insulin-resistant sand rats. Therapie. Nov1999;54(6):717-23. [abstract : Sand rats fed a hypercaloric diet manifest obesity and diabetes. We have used this model to develop hypercholesterolaemia and describe the beneficial action of Olea europea var. oleaster leaves. Twenty- eight sand rats submitted to a high cholesterol diet for four months were assigned to control and treated groups. Plant decoction at 10 per cent was given orally for two months. Results showed that the control group exhibited hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolaemia and moderate hyperinsulinaemia. Light microscopic study showed thickening of capillary walls in skin, pancreas and kidney. The treatment produced hypoglycaemic (43 per cent, p < 0.001), antihyperglycaemic (48 per cent, p < 0.001) and hypoinsulinaemic (39 per cent, p < 0.01) activities. In addition, the plant presented a hypocholesterolaemic effect (47 per cent, p < 0.001) accompanied by lowering of oxidized LDL (30 per cent, p < 0.01). Accordingly, capillary wall thickening was reduced in skin and pancreas and completely prevented in kidney. The data demonstrate that oleaster leaves possess at least two active compounds to treat hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes.]

Bisignano G, Tomaino A, Lo Cascio R, Crisafi G, Uccella N, Saija A. On the In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. Aug1999; 51: 971-74. [abstract : Secoiridoides (oleuropein and derivatives), one of the major classes of polyphenol contained in olives and olive oil, have recently been shown to inhibit or delay the rate of growth of a range of bacteria and microfungi but there are no data in the literature concerning the possible employment of these secoiridoides as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria in man. In this study five ATCC standard bacterial strains (Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 9006, Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 8176, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and 44 fresh clinical isolates (Haemophilus influenzae, eight strains, Moraxella catarrhalis, six strains, Salmonella species, 15 strains, Vibrio cholerae, one strain, Vibrio alginolyticus, two strains, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one strain, Staphylococcus aureus, five penicillin-susceptible strains and six penicillin-resistant strains), causal agents of intestinal or respiratory tract infections in man, were tested for in-vitro susceptibility to two olive (Olea europaea) secoiridoides, oleuropein (the bitter principle of olives) and hydroxytyrosol (derived from oleuropein by enzymatic hydrolysis and responsible for the high stability of olive oil). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) calculated in our study are evidence of the broad antimicrobial activity of hydroxytyrosol against these bacterial strains (MIC values between 0.24 and 7.85 microg mL(-1) for ATCC strains and between 0.97 and 31.25 microg mL(-1) for clinically isolated strains). Furthermore oleuropein also inhibited (although to a much lesser extent) the growth of several bacterial strains (MIC values between 62.5 and 500 microg mL(-1) for ATCC strains and between 31.25 and 250 microg mL(-1) for clinical isolates); oleuropein was ineffective against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. These data indicate that in addition to the potential employment of its active principles as food additives or in integrated pest-management programs, Olea europaea can be considered a potential source of promising antimicrobial agents for treatment of intestinal or respiratory tract infections in man.]

Martinez A, et al. Identification of a 36-kDa olive-pollen allergen by in vitro and in vivo studies. Allergy. Jun1999;54(6):584-92. [abstract : BACKGROUND: Ole e 1 has been considered the major allergen of olive (Olea europaea) pollen. Some other relevant allergens (Ole e 2, 3, 4, and 6) have been recently described. This work aimed to study the IgE- binding frequency of a 36-kDa protein from O. europaea pollen in a large population of olive-allergic patients, its allergenic reactivity in vivo, and its presence in olive pollens of different origin, as well as in other relevant allergenic pollens. METHODS: Identification of IgE-binding components from O. europaea pollen extracts was elucidated by inhibition of SDS-PAGE immunoblotting using recombinant profilin (Ole e 2) and Ole e 1 molecules. The IgE- binding frequency of the 36-kDa protein was estimated by Western blot in a sample of 120 sera from olive-allergic patients. The cutaneous test with the 36-kDa protein was performed by intradermoreaction in allergic patients and control subjects. RESULTS: Exactly 83% of the sera from O. europaea-allergic patients recognized a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 36 kDa, under reducing conditions. It was detected by sera from monosensitized and polysensitized patients, showing a higher IgE frequency than the major allergen Ole e 1 (59%) and the minor profilin (Ole e 2) allergen (27%). Similar reactivity rates (79%) was found by intradermal test. Extracts from olive pollens collected in California presented a much higher amount (around 16-fold on average) of the 36-kDa protein than those from pollens of Spanish origin. The presence of similar allergens was detected only in closely related species (Syringa, Fraxinus, Ligustrum), and not in other common allergenic pollens. CONCLUSIONS: The 36-kDa protein constitutes a major allergen for olive-sensitized patients, but it is not equally represented in O. europaea pollens of different origins.]

De Laurentis N, et al. Flavonoids from leaves of Olea europaea L. cultivars. Ann Pharm Fr. 1998;56(6):268-73. [abstract : We isolated and identified the following flavonoid compounds from the dried leaves of some blooming cultivars of Olea europaea L.: hesperidin, rutin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin, apigenin-7-O- glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol. The structure of the isolated flavonoids was determined by UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HPLC.]

Visioli F, Bellosta S, Galli C. Oleuropein, The Bitter Principle of Olives, Enhances Nitric Oxide Production By Mouse Macrophages. Life Sciences. 1998; 62(6):541-46. [abstract : The Mediterranean diet, rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer, partly because of its high proportion of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, flavonoids and polyphenols. The major lipid component of such diet is the drupe-derived olive oil, that can be distinguished from other seed oils for the peculiar composition of its non-triglyceride fraction. In fact, several minor components, including polyphenols, grant the oil its particular taste and aroma. Oleuropein, the most abundant among these components, has been shown to be a potent antioxidant endowed with antiinflammatory properties. We investigated the effects of oleuropein on NO release in cell culture and its activity toward nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The results show that oleuropein dose-dependently enhance nitrite production in LPS-challenged mouse macrophages. This effect was blocked by the iNOS inhibitor L-NAME, indicating increased iNOS activity. Also, Western blot analysis of cell homogenates show that oleuropein increases iNOS expression in such cells. Taken together, our data suggest that, during endotoxin challenge, oleuropein potentiates the macrophage-mediated response, resulting in higher NO production, currently believed to be beneficial for cellular and organismal protection.]

Visioli F, et al. The effect of minor constituents of olive oil on cardiovascular disease: new findings. Nutr Rev. May1998;56(5 Pt 1):142-7. [abstract : The Mediterranean diet, rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer, partly because of its high proportion of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, flavonoids and polyphenols. The major lipid component of such diet is the drupe-derived olive oil, that can be distinguished from other seed oils for the peculiar composition of its non-triglyceride fraction. In fact, several minor components, including polyphenols, grant the oil its particular taste and aroma. Oleuropein, the most abundant among these components, has been shown to be a potent antioxidant endowed with antiinflammatory properties. We investigated the effects of oleuropein on NO release in cell culture and its activity toward nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The results show that oleuropein dose-dependently enhance nitrite production in LPS-challenged mouse macrophages. This effect was blocked by the iNOS inhibitor L-NAME, indicating increased iNOS activity. Also, Western blot analysis of cell homogenates show that oleuropein increases iNOS expression in such cells. Taken together, our data suggest that, during endotoxin challenge, oleuropein potentiates the macrophage-mediated response, resulting in higher NO production, currently believed to be beneficial for cellular and organismal protection.]

Walker, Morton MD. Natures Antibiotic: Olive Leaf Extract, Kensington Books, New York, 1997. pps. 65-68, 39, 149.

Pieroni A, et al. In vitro anti-complementary activity of flavonoids from olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves. Pharmazie. Oct1996;51(10):765-8. [abstract : From extracts of olive (Olea europaea L., Oleaceae) leaves showing anti-complementary activity, the flavonoids apigenin, apigenin-4'-O- rhamnosylglucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin-4'-O- glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, chrysoeriol, chrysoeriol-7-O- glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside were isolated. Major isolated constituents strongly inhibited the classical pathway of the complement system.]

Hansen K, et al. Isolation of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor from olea europaea and olea lacea. Phytomedicine. 1996;2:319-325.

Kushi LH, et al. Health implications of Mediterranean diets in light of contemporary knowledge. Meat, wine, fats, and oils. Am J Clin Nutr. Jun1995;61(6 Suppl):1416S-1427S. [abstract : Consumption of beef, pork, and lamb has traditionally been low in Mediterranean countries. Regular consumption of red meat has been associated in epidemiologic studies with increased risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) and colon and other cancers; possible mechanisms may involve dietary cholesterol, saturated fat, heme iron, and the presence of carcinogens formed in cooking. Also, high consumption of red meat, the major source of animal protein in most Western diets, increases urinary calcium losses and is therefore likely to contribute to osteoporotic fractures. In Mediterranean diets the major source of dietary fat has traditionally been olive oil, which, compared with saturated and partially hydrogenated fats, reduces low- density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and, compared with carbohydrates, increases high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. A wealth of epidemiologic evidence supports a potent protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption against CHD, probably in part by increasing HDL concentrations. Although dietary factors alone may not fully explain the excellent health of Mediterranean populations, available evidence strongly suggests important contributions of high consumption of fruit, vegetables, and whole grains; moderate intake of alcohol; and low consumption of animal products, saturated and hydrogenated fats, and refined carbohydrates.]

Chimi H, et al. Inhibition of iron toxicity in rat hepatocyte culture by natural phenolic compounds. Tox In Vitro. 1995;9:695-702.

Petroni A, et al. Inhibition of platelet aggregatiion and eicosanoid production by phenolic components of olive oil. Thromb Res. Apr1995;78(2)151-60. [abstract : This study was designed to investigate the in vitro effects of phenolic compounds extracted from olive oil and from olive derived fractions. More specifically, we investigated the effects on platelets of 2-(3,4-di-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol (DHPE), a phenol component of extra-virgin olive oil with potent antioxidant properties. The following variables were studied: aggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) induced by ADP or collagen, and thromboxane B2 production by collagen or thrombin-stimulated PRP. In addition, thromboxane B2 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12- HETE) produced during blood clotting were measured in serum. Preincubation of PRP with DHPE for at least 10 min resulted in maximal inhibition of the various measured variables. The IC50s (concentration resulting in 50% inhibition) of DHPE for ADP or collagen-induced PRP aggregations were 23 and 67 microM, respectively. At 400 microM DHPE, a concentration which completely inhibited collagen-induced PRP aggregation, TxB2 production by collagen- or thrombin-stimulated PRP was inhibited by over 80 percent. At the same DHPE concentration, the accumulation of TxB2 and 12-HETE in serum was reduced by over 90 and 50 percent, respectively. We also tested the effects of PRP aggregation of oleuropein, another typical olive oil phenol, and of selected flavnoids (luteolin, apigenin, quercetin) and found them to be much less active. On the other hand a partially characterized phenol-enriched extract obtained from aqueous waste from olive oil showed rather potent activities. Our results are the first evidence that components of the phenolic fraction of olive oil can inhibit platelet function and eicosanoid formation in vitro, and that other, partially characterized, olive derivatives share these biological activities.]

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Society of Pharmaceutical Industries of Tunis, Hypotension, hypoglycemia and hypouricemia recorded after repeated administration of aqueous leaf extract of Olea europaea, Belgian Pharmacology Journal, March-April 1994; 49(2), 101-8.

Visioli, F. &L Galli, C.; Oleuropein protects low density lipoprotein from oxidation. Life Sciences, vol. 55 (24): 1965-1971; 1994 [abstract : The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruit, vegetables, grain, and vegetable oil (mainly olive oil) is correlated with a lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Natural antioxidants contained in the Mediterranean diet might also play a role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, through inhibition of LDL oxidation. We tested this hypothesis "in vitro" by inducing LDL oxidation with copper sulphate and preincubating the samples with oleuropein, the bitter principle of olives, that is one of the major components of the polyphenolic fraction of olive oil. Oleuropein 10(-5) M effectively inhibited CuSO4-induced LDL oxidation, as assessed by various parameters. We demonstrate in this investigation that polyphenolic components of the Mediterranean diet interfere with biochemical events that are implicated in atherogenetic disease, thus proposing a new link between the Mediterranean diet and prevention of CHD.]

H.S. Tranter, S.C. Tassou and G.J. Nychas, The effect of the olive phenolic compound, oleuropein, on growth and enterotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus. J. Appl. Microbiol 74 253-259 (1993)

The discovery of a molecule with a mirror image. In the early 1990's, Fredrikson made a number of significant discoveries about Oleuropein in olive leaf; recorded in his book 'The Tree of Life' which is in the Library of Congress. Fredrikson discovered that the human body has two enzymes (esterase and beta-glucosidase) that convert Oleuropein to elolenic (elenolic) acid, the powerful compound that kills a wide range of bacteria and viruses. Elolenic (elenolic) acid has one left handed (levorotatory) molecule and seven right handed (dextorotatory) molecules the right handed is the mirror image of the left. The right handed form of elolenic (elenolic) acid kills the bad bacteria and viruses.

Gonzalez M, et al. Hypoglycemic activity of olive leaf. Planta Medica. 1992;58:513-515. [abstract : The hypoglycemic activity of olive leaf was studied. Maximum hypoglycemic activity was obtained from samples collected in the winter months, especially in February. One of the compounds responsible for this activity was oleuropeoside, which showed activity at a dose of 16 mg/kg. This compound also demonstrated antidiabetic activity in animals with alloxan-induced diabetes. The hypoglycemic activity of this compound may result from two mechanisms: (a) potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release, and (b) increased peripheral uptake of glucose.]

Zarzuelo A, et al. Vasodilator effect of olive leaf. Planta Med. Oct1991;57(5):417-419. [abstract : We studied the importance of the smooth vascular muscle endothelium in the vasodilator action of the decoction of olive (Olea europaea) leaf. The decoction caused relaxation of isolated rat aorta preparations both in the presence (IC50 1.12 +/- 0.33 mg/ml) and in the absence (IC50 1.67 +/- 0.16 mg/ml) of endothelium. The results indicate that the relaxant activity of the lyophilized decoction is independent of the integrity of the vascular endothelium. We also showed that oleuropeoside is a component responsible for vasodilator activity but, from the results, it seems likely that at least one other principle is to be found in the olive leaf which is either a vasodilator itself or else potentiates the relaxant effect of oleuropeoside.]

Ficarra P, et al. HPLC analysis of oleuropein and some flavonoids in leaf and bud of Olea europaea L. Farmaco. Jun1991;46(6):803-15. [abstract : Reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of secoiridoid oleuropein and some flavonoids in leaf and bud extracts of Olea europaea L. The RP- HPLC procedure is rapid and reproducible. The results of quantitative analysis, correlated with pharmacological activity, are reported here.]

Tassou, S.C., Nychas, G.J.E., and Board R.G. Effect of Phenolic Compounds and Oleuropein on the Germination of Bacillus cereus T Spores. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 1991; 13:231-37.

Ruiz-Barba, J.L., Garrido-Fernandez, A.G. and Jimenez-Diaz, R. (1991) Bactericidal action of oleuropein extracted from green olives against Lactobacillus plantarum. Letters in Applied Microbiology 12, 62-68.

Gey, F., et al.; American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 53: 3265 334S; 1991

Nychas G.J.E, Tassou S.C., Board R.G. Phenolic extract from olives: inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. Letters in Applied Microbiology. 1990; 10: 217-220.

Ruiz-Barba, J.L., Rios-Sanchez, R.M., Fedriani-Triso, C., Olias. J.M., Rios, J.L. and Jimenez-Diaz,, R. (1990) Bactericidal effect of phenolic compounds from green olives against L. plantarum. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 13,199-203.

Steinbrecher, U.P., et al.; Free Radical Biology, Medicine, vol. 9: 155 169; 1990

Steinberg, D., et al.; New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 320: 91 924; 1989

Rodriguez MM, Perez J, Ramos-Cormenzana A, Martinez J. Effect of extracts obtained from olive oil mill waste waters on Bacillus megaterium ATCC 33085. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 1988; 64:219-26.

Paster, N., et al.; Antimicrobial activity and inhibition of aflatoxin B I formation by olive plant tissue constituents, journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol. 64:293-297; 1988

Riberiero, R. de A., et al.; Acute anti-hypertensive effect in conscious rats produced by some medicinal plants used in the state of Sao Paulo. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 15(3): 261-269, 1986

Gariboldi P et al, Secoiridoids from olea europaea, Phytochem., 1986; 25(4) 865-69.

Kubo I et al, A mutichemical defense mechanism of bitter olive olea europaea (Oleaceae) -- Is oleuropein a phytoalexin precursor? J. Chem. Ecol 1985; 11(2):251-63.

Ferro-Luzzi A, et al. Changing the Mediterranean diet: effects on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. Nov1984;40(5):1027-37. [abstract : A study was carried out on 48 healthy middle-age men and women habitually subsisting on a "Mediterranean type" diet in a rural area of southern Italy. Their freely chosen natural diet was modified for a period of 42 days by partially substituting animal fats for olive oil. Currently available foods were used, and the subjects maintained their habitual lifestyle. Dietary fat content changed from 33 to 37% of total energy and the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio changed from 0.48 to 0.22. The base-line serum total cholesterol of men increased during the dietary intervention period from 214 +/- 30 mg/dl (mean and SD) to 245 +/- 33 mg (+15%). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased 19%, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unmodified. Women, while exhibiting a similar trend in serum total cholesterol (+16%), showed also a 19% increase in their high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p less than 0.001). Apoprotein B increased in parallel with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both sexes. The results of the study confirm the impact of the dietary factor on blood lipids. They also provide additional evidence on the response of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to diet in ree-living populations.]

Prindle, R,F. and Wright, E.S.; Phenolic compounds. In Disinfection, Sterilisation & reservation, 2nd edn, ed. Block, S.S. 219-25l. Philadelphia: Lea &: Febiger, 1977

Heinze JE, Hale AH, Carl PL. Specificity of the Antiviral Agent Calcium Elenolate. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Oct1975; 8(4):421-25.

Renis HE. Inactivation of myxoviruses by calcium elenolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Aug1975;8(2):194-9.

Petkov, V. &: Manolov, P.; Pharmacological analysis of the iridoid oleuropein. Arzneim.-Forsch. (Drug Res.), 1972: vol. 22 (9): 1476-1486.

Juven B, et al. Studies on the mechanism of the antimicrobial action of oleuropein. J Appl Bact. 1972;35:559.

Hirschman SZ. Inactivation of DNA polymerases of murine leukaemia viruses by calcium elenolate. Nat New Biol. Aug1972;238(87):277-9.

Hugo, W.B. and Bloomfield, S.F. (1971c) III. The effect of fentichlor on the metabolic activities of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 34, 579-591.

Hugo, W.B. and Bloomfield, S.F. (1971b) II. The effects of fentichlor on the bacterial membrane and the cytoplasmic constituents of the cell. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 34,569-578.

Hugo, W.B. and Bloomfield S.F. (1971a) Studies on the mode of action of the phenolic antibacterial agent fentichlor against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschirichia coli 1. The adsorption of fentichlor by the bacterial cell and its antibacterial activity. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 34,557-567.

Renis HE. In vitro antiviral activity of calcium elenolate. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1970;167-72.

Calcium elenolate inactivates all myxoviruses so far tested. Experimental Biology, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001. In the late 60 's and early 70's The Upjohn Company did tests on the anti-viral effectiveness of Calcium elenolate (a crystalline salt form of elenolic acid derived from OLEUROPEIN). Calcium elenolate was described as a multi-functional mono-turpene which they had isolated from various parts of the olive tree. These studies were then published by The American Society for Microbiology(e). When they tested this compound it was found to be viricidal against all viruses tested including common cold viruses and effective against the malaria protozoa. [ specific viruses : herpes, vaccinia, pseudorabies, Newcastle, Coxsacloe, A 21, encepthlomyocarditis, polio 1, 2, and 3, vesicular stomititus, sindbis, reovirus, Moloney Murine leukemia, Rauscher Murine leukemia, Moloney sarcoma, many influenza and parainfluenza types] [ specific bacteria and parasitic protozoans : lactobacillus plantarum W50, brevis 50, pediococcus cerevisiae 39, leuconostoc mesenteroides 42, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, enterobacteraerogenes NRRL B-199, E. cloacae NRRL B-414, E. coli, salamonella tyhimurium, pseudomonas fluorescens, P. solanacearum, P. lachrymans, erwinia carotovora, E. tracheiphila, xanthomonas vesicatoria, corynesbacterium Michiganese, plasmodium falciparum, virax and malariae ].

Soret MG. Antiviral activity of calcium elenolate on parainfluenza infection of hamsters. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1969;9:160-66.

Renis HE. In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Calcium Elenolate. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1969, pps. 167-72.

Elliott GA, Buthala DA, DeYoung EN. Preliminary Safety Studies with Calcium Elenolate, an Antiviral Agent. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1969: vol. 22 pps. 173-76.

Panizzi, L. et al.; The constitution of oleuropein, a bitter glycoside having hypotensive action from olives. Gazz. Chim. Ital., vol. 90: 1449-1484; 1960.

Veer WLC et al, A compound isolated from olea europaea. Recueil, 1957; 76: 839-40

Samuelsson G, The blood pressure lowering factor in leaves of Olea Europaea. Farmacevtisk Revy, 1951; 15: 229-39.

Cruess WV, and Alsberg CL, The bitter glucoside of the olive. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1934; 56:2115-7.

In 1854, the Pharmaceutical Journal printed a report by Daniel Hanbury containing a healing recipe: Boil a handful of leaves in a quart of water down to half its original volume. Then administer the liquid in the amount of a wineglass every 3 or 4 hours until the fever is cured. (The author explained the discovery of the effective tinture in 1843 and used it successfully. The method became well known in England for treating sick Britons returning from His or Her Majesty's tropical colonies. Daniel Hanbury believed the bitter tasting substance in the leaves to be the healing compound).

Oleuropein assist → olive leaf → antibacterial

Dr Morton Walker, in his book Nature’s Antibiotic: Olive Leaf Extract, expresses his regard for olive leaf extract, “No single treatment was known to work against any of the superpotent microbial invaders - viruses, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, yeasts, fungi, protozoa, worms - until now” (1997).

With the ever looming threat of bioterrorism, a report in Dr. Morton Walker’s book is of particular interest. He wrote that olive leaf extract is toxic to bacteria-caused diseases like anthrax and botulism. Furthermore, it is well-known that wastewater from olive oil mills kills aerobic spore-forming bacteria. Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) is spore forming and aerobic.

An in vitro study revealed that oleuropein and its derivative hydroxytyrosol act as natural antibiotics against a range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. By increasing nitric oxide production, oleuropein appears to arm the macrophages against endotoxins (bacterial poisons generated by gram-negative bacteria). Interestingly, oleuropein only increased nitric oxide production when endotoxins were present. These results suggest that olive leaf can be considered a potential source of antimicrobial agents for treating intestinal and respiratory tract infections in humans.

Of all the pathogens that plague humans, one of the most troublesome and least understood may be the single cell fungi called Candida. Under normal healthy conditions Candida albicans is a yeast that naturally occurs mainly in the intestinal tract and vagina. In small numbers they are harmless but for various reasons including antibiotic use, compromised immune system, stress, poor diet (including excess refined sugars and alcohol), excess processed food and lack of fibre, these micro-organisims increase in numbers and contribute to major health problems. These problems include oral and vaginal thrush, jock itch, increased bowel problems such as diverticulitis, leaky gut syndrome and even chronic fatigue syndrome. In the intestines, the Candida yeast infection creates gas and toxic by-products which irritate the walls of the large intestine. This begins a decline in health of the intestine including the formation of splits in the lining of the intestineleading to leaky gut syndrome. Candida overgrowth is one of the major health problems seen by natural healthcare practitioners over the past twenty years. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that by six months of age 90% of all babies are infected with Candida. By adulthood, it’s nearly 100%. The problem is that Candida infection manifests itself with a wide variety of symptoms, including: fatigue, lethargy, depression, headaches, aches, joint pain, constipation, gas, vaginal burning, anxiety, infertility, PMS, insomnia, allergies, sinusitis, recurring yeast infections in women frequent colds & flu and much more. If you suffer from any of these problems, Candidacould be the reason. The problem is that most doctors don’t treat Candida, they try to alleviate the specific symptoms. Or if they do recognize Candida as the problem, they’ll give you a prescription for Nystatin, which in double-blind tests was proven no more effective than placebo at ending Candida and its associated health problems. Oleuropein is able to improve overall health by greater than 50% with no side-effects. Many women credit the elimination of chronic yeast infection to taking Oleuropein. In Budapest, Hungary, a clinic treating female cancer reports that their best results are achieved by first eliminating Candidawith Oleuropein, and then the immune system is more free to heal the cancer. If you are suffering from a variety of health problems, Candida could be the cause.

Oleuropein has been shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus is the bacteria responsible for many hospital-acquired infections) and its production of enterotoxin B and is toxic to other members of the bacillus bacteria family too. Staphylococcus aureus is notorious for its ability to mutate against antibiotics, and there are few antibiotics left to wipe out this life-threatening micro-organism.

A 1991 report in Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry documented that oleuropein, at adequate concentrations, inhibited spore germination and the outgrowth of Bacillus cereus spores. Bacillus cereus causes a potentially lethal form of food poisoning characterized by vomiting, severe flatulence, diarrhea, muscular weakness, nerve damage to the heart, and pain in the upper arms, neck, chest and bones. Oleuropein is thought to achieve the bacterial destruction of Bacillus cereus by either inactivating cellular enzymes crucial for bacterial replication or by attacking the cell membrane, destroying its permeability and causing leakage of intracellular components such as glutamate, potassium and phosphorus. The authors concluded that oleuropein’s method of action was similar to that of BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene).

The proposed mechanisms of antibacterial activity are . . slows the growth rate and inhibits a number of enzymes . . induces damage to the cell membrane thus affecting its permeability and resulting in a leakage of cytoplasmic constituents . . inhibition of micrococcal nuclease and lysozyme . . inhibits enzymes by reacting with the e-amino group of exposed lysine residues and the exposed n-terminal amino group of polypeptide chains . . irreversible inhibition of DNA polymerase II and inhibition of phagocytic activity.

Bacteria that have shown susceptibility to Oleuropein include lactobacillus plantarum; l. brevis; pediococcus cerevisiae; leuconostoc mesenteroides; bacillus cereus; staphylococcus aureus; bacillus subtilis; enterobacter aerogenes; e. cloacae; escherichia coli; salmonella typhimurium; pseudomonas fluorescens; p. solanacearum; p. lachrymans; erwinia carotovora; e. tracheiphila; xanthomonas vesicatoria; and corynebacterium michiganese. Components in olive leaf extract also have inhibited the growth of E. Coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Dr. Joseph Territo, a specialist in cardiology and diagnostic medicine in New Jersey, USA, stated that “olive leaf extract has shown itself to be among the most significant of the newly uncovered natural, nontoxic therapies.” And “One of the most important antimicrobials ever discovered” (Morton, 1997).

Jellin JM, Batz F, Hitchens K. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Third Edition. Stockton, California: Therapeutic Research Faculty, 2000.

Bisignano G, Tomaino A, Lo Cascio R, Crisafi G, Uccella N, Saija A. On the In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Oleuropein and Hydroxytyrosol. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. Aug1999; 51: 971-74. [abstract : Secoiridoides (oleuropein and derivatives), one of the major classes of polyphenol contained in olives and olive oil, have recently been shown to inhibit or delay the rate of growth of a range of bacteria and microfungi but there are no data in the literature concerning the possible employment of these secoiridoides as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria in man. In this study five ATCC standard bacterial strains (Haemophilus influenzae ATCC 9006, Moraxella catarrhalis ATCC 8176, Salmonella typhi ATCC 6539, Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and 44 fresh clinical isolates (Haemophilus influenzae, eight strains, Moraxella catarrhalis, six strains, Salmonella species, 15 strains, Vibrio cholerae, one strain, Vibrio alginolyticus, two strains, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, one strain, Staphylococcus aureus, five penicillin-susceptible strains and six penicillin-resistant strains), causal agents of intestinal or respiratory tract infections in man, were tested for in-vitro susceptibility to two olive (Olea europaea) secoiridoides, oleuropein (the bitter principle of olives) and hydroxytyrosol (derived from oleuropein by enzymatic hydrolysis and responsible for the high stability of olive oil). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) calculated in our study are evidence of the broad antimicrobial activity of hydroxytyrosol against these bacterial strains (MIC values between 0.24 and 7.85 microg mL(-1) for ATCC strains and between 0.97 and 31.25 microg mL(-1) for clinically isolated strains). Furthermore oleuropein also inhibited (although to a much lesser extent) the growth of several bacterial strains (MIC values between 62.5 and 500 microg mL(-1) for ATCC strains and between 31.25 and 250 microg mL(-1) for clinical isolates); oleuropein was ineffective against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. These data indicate that in addition to the potential employment of its active principles as food additives or in integrated pest-management programs, Olea europaea can be considered a potential source of promising antimicrobial agents for treatment of intestinal or respiratory tract infections in man.]

Visioli F, Bellosta S, Galli C. Oleuropein, The Bitter Principle of Olives, Enhances Nitric Oxide Production By Mouse Macrophages. Life Sciences. 1998; 62(6):541-46. [abstract : The Mediterranean diet, rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, has been associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer, partly because of its high proportion of bioactive compounds such as vitamins, flavonoids and polyphenols. The major lipid component of such diet is the drupe-derived olive oil, that can be distinguished from other seed oils for the peculiar composition of its non-triglyceride fraction. In fact, several minor components, including polyphenols, grant the oil its particular taste and aroma. Oleuropein, the most abundant among these components, has been shown to be a potent antioxidant endowed with antiinflammatory properties. We investigated the effects of oleuropein on NO release in cell culture and its activity toward nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The results show that oleuropein dose-dependently enhance nitrite production in LPS-challenged mouse macrophages. This effect was blocked by the iNOS inhibitor L-NAME, indicating increased iNOS activity. Also, Western blot analysis of cell homogenates show that oleuropein increases iNOS expression in such cells. Taken together, our data suggest that, during endotoxin challenge, oleuropein potentiates the macrophage-mediated response, resulting in higher NO production, currently believed to be beneficial for cellular and organismal protection.]

Microbios 1998;93(374):43-54: Comparative antibacterial and antifungal effects of some phenolic compounds.

Walker, Morton MD. Natures Antibiotic: Olive Leaf Extract, Kensington Books, New York, 1997. pps. 65-68, 39, 149.

Tassou CC, Nychas GJE, Board RG. Effect of Phenolic Compounds and Oleuropein on the Germination of Bacillus cereus T Spores. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry. 1991; 13:231-37.

Rodriguez MM, Perez J, Ramos-Cormenzana A, Martinez J. Effect of extracts obtained from olive oil mill waste waters on Bacillus megaterium ATCC 33085. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 1988; 64:219-26.

Heinze JE, Hale AH, Carl PL. Specificity of the Antiviral Agent Calcium Elenolate. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1975; 8(4):421-25.

Aziz NH, Farag SE, Mousa LA, Abo-Zaid MA. National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. “The antimicrobial potential of eight phenolic compounds isolated from olive cake was tested against the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The phenolic compounds included p-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, protocatechuic, syringic, and p-coumaric acids, oleuropein and quercetin. Caffeic and protocatechuic acids (0.3 mg/ml) inhibited the growth of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The same compounds apart from syringic acid (0.5 mg/ml) completely inhibited the growth of B. cereus. Oleuropein, and p-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic and p-coumaric acids (0.4 mg/ml) completely inhibited the growth of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and B. cereus. Vanillic and caffeic acids (0.2 mg/ml) completely inhibited the growth and aflatoxin production by both A. flavus and A. parasiticus, whereas the complete inhibition of the moulds was attained with 0.3 mg/ml p-hydroxy benzoic, protocatechuic, syringic, and p-coumaric acids and quercetin.”

Oleuropein assist → olive leaf → antiviral

Oleuropein contains a chemical agent called elenolic acid.
In the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, a major pharmaceutical company ( The Upjohn Company ) studied the effects of elenolic acid as an antiviral agent in laboratory animals. An isolated crystalline salt form of elenolic acid - derived from oleuropein, was tested as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent active against all viruses tested. Research showed that elenolic acid inhibited the growth of viruses, stopping every virus that it was tested against. Elenolic acid was found to counteract a variety of viruses associated with the common cold. Research suggests that Oleuropein may be a “true anti-viral” compound because it appears to selectively block an entire virus-specific system in the infected host. Appearing to offer healing effects not addressed by pharmaceutical antibiotics.

An ability to interfere with critical amino acid production essential for viruses. An ability to contain viral infection and/or spread by inactivating viruses or by preventing virus shedding, budding or assembly at the cell membrane. The ability to directly penetrate infected cells and stop viral replication. In the case of retroviruses, it is able to neutralise the production of reverse transcriptase and protease. These enzymes are essential for a retrovirus, such as HIV, to alter the RNA of a healthy cell. Olive leaf extract provides nutritional support for detoxification at the cellular level, when the body is under stress. Elenolic acid has been shown to protect RNA structure and can stimulate phagocytosis, an immume system response in which cells ingest harmful microorganisms and foreign matter.

A Clinical Investigation by the Robert Lyons Clinic of Budapest, Hungary - [Robert Lyons, O.M.D., M.S., chief investigator.] tested 500 patients using olive leaf extract against Pathological organisms - Viruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in connection with respiratory diseases, lung conditions, dental problems, skin conditions, bacterial skin infections, ulcer disease and strengthening of the immune system. The results were nothing less than astounding. The rate of improvement and recovery from all bacterial and viral infections was approximately 98%. In addition for all patients involved in this clinical study, the body’s immune system was strengthened, and including children and adolescents among the tested patients, none experienced any adverse side effects.

Where Oleuropein is taken orally, two natural enzymes in the body esterase and beta-glucosidase convert the Oleuropein to elenolic acid and since the process of converting Oleuropein to elenolic acid is a natural process that occurs in the body, the process cannot be patented. In human blood, two enzymes esterase and beta-glucosidase convert Oleuropein into d-elenolic acid. This (d-) isomer of elenolic acid is the only form that does not bind to blood serum plasma proteins (which would render it ineffective), allowing it to be fully used in the body as a natural virucide. When synthesized outside of the body, its physiological effectiveness is nullified. In the late 1970s, Upjohn Laboratories “proved” that point: After fabricating synthetic l-elenolic acid, produced in vitro (outside of the body using chemical reagents), they found that the l-form would bind to blood serum proteins, rendering it ineffective systemically as an anti-pathogenic agent. Only after natural, concentrated Oleuropein is made available to the body can natural d-elenolic acid be produced and released into the bloodstream to work efficiently and effectively. Elenolic acid derived from this source is scientifically shown to support the body’s immune system.

The discovery of a molecule with a mirror image. In the early 1990’s, Fredrikson made a number of significant discoveries about Oleuropein in olive leaf; recorded in his book ‘The Tree of Life’ which is in the Library of Congress. Fredrikson discovered that the human body has two enzymes (esterase and beta-glucosidase) that convert Oleuropein to elolenic (elenolic) acid, the powerful compound that kills a wide range of bacteria and viruses. Elolenic (elenolic) acid has one left handed (levorotatory) molecule and seven right handed (dextorotatory) molecules the right handed is the mirror image of the left. The right handed form of elolenic (elenolic) acid kills the bad bacteria and viruses.

Calcium elenolate inactivates all myxoviruses so far tested. Experimental Biology, The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001. In the late 60’s and early 70’s The Upjohn Company did tests on the anti-viral effectiveness of Calcium elenolate (a crystalline salt form of elenolic acid derived from OLEUROPEIN). Calcium elenolate was described as a multi-functional mono-turpene which they had isolated from various parts of the olive tree. These studies were then published by The American Society for Microbiology(e). When they tested this compound it was found to be viricidal against all viruses tested including common cold viruses and effective against the malaria protozoa. [ specific viruses : herpes, vaccinia, pseudorabies, Newcastle, Coxsacloe, A 21, encepthlomyocarditis, polio 1, 2, and 3, vesicular stomititus, sindbis, reovirus, Moloney Murine leukemia, Rauscher Murine leukemia, Moloney sarcoma, many influenza and parainfluenza types] [ specific bacteria and parasitic protozoans : lactobacillus plantarum W50, brevis 50, pediococcus cerevisiae 39, leuconostoc mesenteroides 42, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, enterobacteraerogenes NRRL B-199, E. cloacae NRRL B-414, E. coli, salamonella tyhimurium, pseudomonas fluorescens, P. solanacearum, P. lachrymans, erwinia carotovora, E. tracheiphila, xanthomonas vesicatoria, corynesbacterium Michiganese, plasmodium falciparum, virax and malariae ].

Oleuropein assist → olive leaf → antioxidant

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids and phenolic compounds (simple phenols such as hydroxytyrosol and complex phenols such as oleuropein) are all antioxidants whose activity has been demonstrated in vitro and more recently in vivo, revealing further advantages in the prevention of certain diseases and slowing of ageing.

Oxidation is a complex, fundamental phenomenon in the process of cell ageing. Oxidation occurs inside the human body as a result of normal ongoing chemical reactions. Free radicals (peroxidants) are a by-product of cell metabolism. Generally, free radicals do not cause severe damage since antioxidants protect you and help to maintain a routine balance. Should the balance be tipped, however, then "oxidative stress" may develop, impairing normal cell function and eventually leading to cell death.

Cell membranes contain a large amount of fat and cholesterol and their composition depends on diet. When the diet contains olive leaf, the cells are more resistant to oxidation, they do not deteriorate as much and ageing is slowed.

Cholesterol is a fatty substance contained in foods of animal origin. Diets containing a large amount of animal fats raise blood cholesterol level, one of the chief risk causative factors of cardiovascular disease.

Fats (triglycerides) and cholesterol are transported in the blood by lipoproteins. The cholesterol bound to low-density lipoproteins (very low-density lipoproteins - VLDL and low-density lipoproteins - LDL) is atherogenic, damaging the vessel walls and may subsequently lead to acute heart attack. Such cholesterol is known as "bad cholesterol". In contrast, the cholesterol bound to high-density lipoproteins (known as HDL-cholesterol) is called "good cholesterol" providing protection against the onset of cardiovascular diseases. High-density lipoproteins remove free cholesterol from the cells, esterifying and transporting to the liver where it is eliminated with bile.

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) contribute to the progression of human atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is the condition where cholesterol-rich patches (known as atheromas) deposit on the walls of the arteries, stopping blood from reaching the tissues and obstructing the functioning of vital organs, such as the heart and brain.

Where the heartis affected, arteriosclerosis causes angina and heart attack increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death. Where the brain is attacked, cerebral thrombosis occurs, leading to muscular paralysis, loss of cognitive capacity and the risk of dementia. The aorta and leg arteries may also be damaged, causing pain and difficulty in walking and increasing the risk of necrosis and gangrene.

When a fatty patch bursts, maybe because of a rise in blood pressure, the small arteries in the patch also burst, triggering a response where certain cells found in blood, known as platelets or thrombocytes, join together to form a thrombus or blood clot. The blood clot travels through the arteries, and where larger than the vessel, causing blockage. Blood cannot get through and the tissue or organ consequently dies.

Olive leaf lowers the levels of total blood cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides yet does not alter the levels of HDL-cholesterol (and may even raise them), playing a protective role and helping to prevent the formation of fatty patches, stimulating the elimination of the low-density lipoproteins. Lipid or fat peroxidation tends to be proportional to the number of double bonds in a compound, explaining why oleic acid shows little susceptibility to oxidation.

Oleuropein assist → olive leaf → antiparasitic

“I find parasites in 92% of people. Everybody - rich and poor - the whole population have parasites . . Pets are great carriers of parasites. Also, vegetables may carry parasitic organisms." Dr. William Kelly, famous cancer specialist.

Parasites are often described as occupying the third great environment, -aquatic, -terrestrial -parasitic, the body of another organism. A parasite is a lifeform that survives off its host, including worms, bacteria, protozoa and amoeba, usually causing the host some harm. A parasite is generally smaller than the host and of a different species. Parasites often work by stealth to release neurotoxins, which skewer the emotions and mental functions; toxins that acidify the tissues and open predisposition to chronic degenerative diseases including cancer; and lectins that promote metastasis. The acidity promotes fungal problems and tissue oxygen deprivation. Parasites damage tissue directly and can obstruct organ function, increasing our need to detoxify, overworking the organs of elimination (Lungs, Kidney, Liver, Skin, and Bowel). Parasites carry viruses gradually wearing down the immune system making us even more vulnerable to parasitic invasion and other microorganisms. Parasites can be the hidden cause of many diseases of unexplained etiology (causation) because most labs can't detect them, returning about a 50% false negative rate. More than 1000 species of parasitic organisms can inhabit mammals and humans while the labs look for about 50 to 60 species only. Once established through contaminated food and water supplies, poor hygiene, or plain ignorance of their existence, parasites will drink your blood, eat your cells, infest your muscles, and set up breeding colonies within your intestines. Parasitic infestation of the bodies of humans has reached epidemic proportions in some parts of the world, including New Zealand, representing a major health challenge that may be overlooked by medical professionals where a tendency to treat only the symptoms, chronic fatigue, skin rashes, muscle and joint pain, weakened immune system, forgetfulness, food allergies, colitis, water retention, and many others, without fully considering that parasites may be the root cause of health problems.

Eliminating parasites is challenging. Although lacking a brain, most parasites are highly developed survival machines focused on eating and reproducing. In countries where culture is long standing, people know from tradition how to eat and cope with parasite problems. Mexicans eat lots of chili, which turns on the hydrochloric acid and kills bugs before they can get in, and then follow with corn chips, which mobilize the lymph and helps to control infection. Indians ( India ) eat lots of spicy curry and pickles, and the creamy deserts target the lymph.

One way you can help keep parasites away is to support your own immune system. Oleuropein assists the elimination of parasites and candida infestation.

The slight inflammation of the abdomen, and seemingly unrelated pains and aches, may indicate the presence of parasites. Many Vegetarians also have various parasites. Their eggs may be eaten with vegetables or fruit. In New Zealand, a large full page advertisement for “Combantrin” (a commercial worm preparation), shows a small girl handing a pencil to a classmate. The caption reads: “The simple act of passing a pencil, sharing a book, using the same doorknob, or even sharing a house with untreated adults is all that is required for parasites to spread - No matter how clean your child may be, and no matter how careful you are. The symptoms caused by parasites may include loss of appetite, anal and vulval itching and scratching, disturbed sleep, occasional bed-wetting in younger children. These may seem like common occurrences in childhood and this is because the parasite problem is a common one.”

The United States spends more than $US1 billion a year on cancer research. All the nations of the world combined spend less than US$50 million a year researching parasitic diseases or less than 1/20th of US cancer research spending. For the amount of money spent on cancer research, one thing is able to be agreed - toxins and poisons in the body cause chronic irritation of tissues that may eventually result in cancer. Simply, once the tissues cease being irritated by excessive quantities of toxins in the blood, cancer may not only stop growing, but may heal altogether if treatment is timely enough.

Anopheles stephensi mosquito

Oleuropein is antiparasitic. Olive leaf ethanol extracts were in use as early as 1827 for the treatment of Malaria. Medical reports beginning 1855 have described the benefits of drinking a bitter tea brewed with leaves from the olive tree (decoction) . From 1906, olive leaf extract was described as superior to quinine for malarial infection but quinine was preferred as easier to administer and with the advent of antibiotics, interest and use waned. Antimalarial activity was reported by clinicians in the 1850's who administered decoctions of olive leaf to infected patients. A full-fledged case of Malaria at a clinic in Mexico was totally cured with a regular dosage of olive leaf extract supplement every six hours. A clinic report said that the 34-year-old female patient made a steady recovery and after six months, “she was without any of the Malaria symptoms, not even anemia or shivers. Her breath is good. Her state of mind excellent and she does not show any signs of chronic or contagious disease". Oleuropein has been found effective against strains of Malaria, including plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae. Malaria is a protozoan infection characterized by fever, chills and profuse sweating, and occurs primarily in tropical regions. Malarial infection can occur by transmission of the protozoa parasite (protozoans are one-celled organisms, the simplest creatures in the animal kingdom) following the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito.

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© 2012. All rights reserved. BoutiqueLife Limited. DISCLAIMER: Information is for educational purposes only.
Nothing should be construed as medical advice. If symptoms do persist consult your professional health practitioner.

Mon 21 May 2012 06:02 AM NZST

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